Arya et al. (2025) Comprehending the Synergistic Roles of Cloud Properties and Dynamics on Extreme Rainfall Events During the Indian Summer Monsoon of 2019

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Identification

• Journal: International Journal of Climatology
• Year: 2025
• Date: 2025-07-27
• Authors: V. B. Arya, Moumita Bhowmik, Anupam Hazra, S. R. Anguluri, Deepeshkumar Jain, Rajesh Kumar Singh Maurya, V. G. Kiran
• DOI: 10.1002/joc.70044

Research Groups

Not specified in the provided text.

Short Summary

This study analyzes the 2019 Indian monsoon to determine how cloud microphysics and atmospheric dynamics differ between extreme and non-extreme rainfall events. It finds that extreme events are characterized by significantly higher cloud ice/liquid mass, higher specific humidity, and enhanced deep convection.

Objective

• To examine the interplay between cloud characteristics (ice/liquid mass, particle size) and dynamical features (atmospheric circulation, specific humidity, OLR, and vertical velocity) in extreme versus non-extreme rainfall events.

Study Configuration

• Spatial Scale: India, with specific focus on Central India (CI).
• Temporal Scale: 2019 monsoon season.

Methodology and Data

• Models used: Monsoon Mission Coupled Forecast System version 2.0 (MMCFSv2).
• Data sources: Satellite and reanalysis datasets.

Main Results

• Cloud Microphysics: Extreme events exhibited higher cloud ice mass (260.84 g/m²) and liquid mass (209.60 g/m²) compared to non-extreme events (161.67 g/m² and 116.64 g/m², respectively). Extreme events also showed greater ice particles across all sizes.
• Atmospheric Dynamics:
  • Specific humidity over Central India was higher in extreme events (9.01 g/kg) than in non-extreme events (7.93 g/kg).
  • Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) was lower in extreme events (197.95 W/m²) than in non-extreme events (210.80 W/m²), indicating enhanced deep convection.
• Precipitation Composition: Stratiform rain contributed approximately 45% to total precipitation during extreme events.
• Model Discrepancy: The MMCFSv2 model failed to differentiate the percentage of convective rainfall between extreme (76.56%) and non-extreme (75.5%) events, contradicting observed dynamics.

Contributions

• The study quantifies the role of cloud microphysics and atmospheric dynamics in driving extreme precipitation, highlighting a specific deficiency in the MMCFSv2 model's ability to simulate convective rainfall differences, which is critical for improving Quantified Precipitation Forecasts (QPF).

Funding

Not specified in the provided text.

Citation

@article{Arya2025Comprehending,
  author = {Arya, V. B. and Bhowmik, Moumita and Hazra, Anupam and Anguluri, S. R. and Jain, Deepeshkumar and Maurya, Rajesh Kumar Singh and Kiran, V. G.},
  title = {Comprehending the Synergistic Roles of Cloud Properties and Dynamics on Extreme Rainfall Events During the Indian Summer Monsoon of 2019},
  journal = {International Journal of Climatology},
  year = {2025},
  doi = {10.1002/joc.70044},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.70044}
}