Lozinskyi et al. (2025) Transgressive Variability of 1000-Grain Weight of the Main Spike of Soft Winter Wheat in F2–4 Populations Under Hybridization of Different Ecotypes

Identification

• Journal: Technical and technological aspects of development and testing of new machinery and technologies for agriculture of Ukraine
• Year: 2025
• Date: 2025-12-01
• Authors: M. Lozinskyi, O. Filitska, M. Samoilyk, A. Yurchenko, M. Hrabovskyi, Yu. Fedoruk, T. Panchenko
• DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2025-2-37(51)-8

Research Groups

• Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University

Short Summary

This study investigated the transgressive variability of 1000-grain weight in F2-F4 hybrid populations of soft winter wheat, derived from crosses of different ecotypes, to identify promising breeding forms. It found significant positive transgressions in 1000-grain weight in several hybrid combinations across generations, demonstrating the potential for selecting superior genotypes for yield improvement.

Objective

• To establish the patterns of transgressive recombinant formation for 1000-grain weight of the main spike in F2–F4 hybrid populations obtained from crossing soft winter wheat varieties of different ecotypes, for the selection of promising breeding forms.

Study Configuration

• Spatial Scale: Experimental field of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Ukraine.
• Temporal Scale: 2022–2024 (3 years).

Methodology and Data

• Models used: Statistical analysis using Microsoft Excel 2019 and Statistica 12.0. Transgression degree (Tc, %) and frequency (Tch, %) of positive transgressions were determined using the Fonseca and Patterson (1968) method. Correlation analysis (Pearson's r) was used to assess relationships between transgression degree and frequency.
• Data sources: Biometric analysis of F2, F3, and F4 hybrid populations of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and their parental varieties. Parental ecotypes included Western European, Forest-Steppe, and Steppe types. Samples consisted of 25 plants in three replicates.

Main Results

• In F2 populations (2022), positive transgressions for 1000-grain weight were found in 6 out of 10 combinations, with transgression degrees (Tc) ranging from 3.9% to 33.8% and recombinant frequencies (Tch) from 8.0% to 40.0%. A strong correlation (r = 0.953) was found between transgression degree and frequency.
• In F3 populations (2023), positive transgressions were observed in all studied populations, with Tc ranging from 3.2% to 34.4% and Tch from 20.0% to 56.0%. A strong correlation (r = 0.957) was observed.
• In F4 populations (2024), positive transgressions were found in 13 out of 14 populations, with Tc from 2.3% to 28.2% and Tch from 8.0% to 44.0%. A strong correlation (r = 0.855) was observed.
• Specific hybrid combinations consistently showing positive transgressions over three years were 'Varvik / Tsarivna', 'Bohemia / Lybid', 'Myrlena / Tsarivna', 'Myrlena / Lybid', 'Driada 1 / Perlyna Lisostepu', and 'Sluzhnytsia Odeska / Lybid'.

Contributions

• Demonstrated the effectiveness of inter-ecotype hybridization in soft winter wheat for generating positive transgressive recombinants with increased 1000-grain weight.
• Identified specific hybrid combinations that consistently exhibit high positive transgressions across F2-F4 generations, providing valuable genetic material for future breeding programs aimed at improving yield components.
• Quantified the strong correlation between the degree and frequency of positive transgressions, offering insights into the predictability of breeding outcomes.
• Contributes to optimizing the selection of parental pairs in wheat breeding by highlighting the importance of ecological-geographical distance and genetic control of traits for enhancing genetic variability and productivity potential.

Funding

No specific funding projects, programs, or reference codes were mentioned in the paper.

Citation

@article{Lozinskyi2025Transgressive,
  author = {Lozinskyi, M. and Filitska, O. and Samoilyk, M. and Yurchenko, A. and Hrabovskyi, M. and Fedoruk, Yu. and Panchenko, T.},
  title = {Transgressive Variability of 1000-Grain Weight of the Main Spike of Soft Winter Wheat in F2–4 Populations Under Hybridization of Different Ecotypes},
  journal = {Technical and technological aspects of development and testing of new machinery and technologies for agriculture of Ukraine},
  year = {2025},
  doi = {10.31473/2305-5987-2025-2-37(51)-8},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2025-2-37(51)-8}
}