Kilpys et al. (2025) Climate Impact on the Seasonal and Interannual Variation in NDVI and GPP in Mongolia

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Identification

• Journal: Atmosphere
• Year: 2025
• Date: 2025-11-19
• Authors: Justinas Kilpys, Egidijus Rimkus, Oyunsanaa Byambasuren, Jambajamts Lkhamjav, Tseren‐Ochir Soyol‐Erdene
• DOI: 10.3390/atmos16111307

Research Groups

Not specified in the provided text.

Short Summary

This study investigated the impact of climate variability on vegetation dynamics in Mongolia from 2000 to 2024, revealing significant warming and increased precipitation that correlate with enhanced vegetation productivity, particularly in spring (temperature-driven) and summer (precipitation-driven).

Objective

• To examine the influence of climate variability on vegetation dynamics in Mongolia.

Study Configuration

• Spatial Scale: Mongolia
• Temporal Scale: 2000 to 2024

Methodology and Data

• Models used: Not explicitly mentioned.
• Data sources: ERA5-Land reanalysis data, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) indicators.

Main Results

• Mean annual air temperature increased by 0.94 °C.
• The most pronounced warming occurred in March, exceeding 1.5 °C per decade.
• Annual precipitation increased by 32 mm (approximately 13%), primarily in northern and eastern regions.
• Maximum NDVI increased at a rate of 0.025 units per decade, mainly in the north and east, while central steppes showed no change or a slight decline during May–June.
• Average annual GPP increased by 38%, from 0.25 kg C m⁻² to 0.35 kg C m⁻², with highest gains in northern forests and eastern steppes.
• NDVI sensitivity: most sensitive to temperature in early spring (r = 0.31) and to precipitation in summer (r = 0.45–0.50).
• GPP drivers: primarily driven by temperature in spring (r = 0.68) and by precipitation during summer (r = 0.30).
• Vegetation productivity in Mongolia is sensitive to seasonal climate variability, with temperature being the primary factor for spring growth and precipitation for summer growth.

Contributions

This study provides a quantitative assessment of the long-term trends in climate variables and their specific impacts on vegetation productivity (NDVI and GPP) across different seasons and regions within Mongolia, highlighting the distinct roles of temperature and precipitation in driving spring and summer growth, respectively.

Funding

Not specified in the provided text.

Citation

@article{Kilpys2025Climate,
  author = {Kilpys, Justinas and Rimkus, Egidijus and Byambasuren, Oyunsanaa and Lkhamjav, Jambajamts and Soyol‐Erdene, Tseren‐Ochir},
  title = {Climate Impact on the Seasonal and Interannual Variation in NDVI and GPP in Mongolia},
  journal = {Atmosphere},
  year = {2025},
  doi = {10.3390/atmos16111307},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16111307}
}