Kumar (2025) Monitoring of Land Use and Land Cover Change Using Geoinformatics Techniques of Tosham Block; Haryana

Identification

• Journal: INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
• Year: 2025
• Date: 2025-12-29
• Authors: Dr. Anil Kumar
• DOI: 10.55041/ijsrem54966

Research Groups

• Department of Geography, Ch. Bansilal Govt. College for Women, Tosham

Short Summary

This study analyzed land use/land cover (LULC) changes in the Tosham block, Haryana, between 1990 and 2025 using multi-temporal Landsat imagery and geoinformatics techniques. It revealed significant anthropogenic-driven transformations, with substantial expansion of agricultural and built-up areas at the expense of fallow, sandy, and scrub lands.

Objective

• To analyze the patterns of land use/land cover changes in the Tosham Block, Haryana, between 1990 and 2025 using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques.

Study Configuration

• Spatial Scale: Tosham block, Bhiwani district, Haryana, India, covering approximately 74,500 hectares.
• Temporal Scale: 1990 to 2025.

Methodology and Data

• Models used: Supervised classification using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) algorithm, implemented in QGIS software. Post-classification comparison method for change detection.
• Data sources:
  • Multi-temporal satellite imagery: Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) for 1990 and Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) for 2025, downloaded from USGS Earth Explorer (spatial resolution: 30 meters).
  • Base map: Survey of India (SOI) topographic sheets (scale 1:50,000).
  • Demographic information: District Census Handbook, Census of India.
  • Ground validation: GPS-based field survey samples collected in 2025.

Main Results

• Agricultural land significantly expanded from 23,420.6 hectares (31.4%) in 1990 to 38,841.1 hectares (52.1%) in 2025, a net gain of 15,420.5 hectares.
• Built-up land nearly doubled, increasing from 2,522.56 hectares (3.4%) to 4,682.8 hectares (6.3%), a net increase of 2,160.24 hectares.
• Fallow land sharply declined from 15,863.2 hectares (21.3%) to 8,651.2 hectares (11.6%), a reduction of 7,212 hectares.
• Sandy areas decreased substantially by 7,795 hectares, from 21,547.4 hectares (28.9%) to 13,752.4 hectares (18.5%).
• Scrub land also declined by 2,263.1 hectares, from 8,006.1 hectares (10.7%) to 5,743 hectares (7.7%).
• Barren rocky areas showed a minor reduction of 517.6 hectares, while water bodies exhibited a slight increase of 206.96 hectares.
• The overall classification accuracy for 2025 was 78%, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.66, indicating substantial agreement.
• The landscape transformation was primarily driven by agricultural intensification, population pressure, and infrastructure expansion, converting marginal and unused lands into cultivated and developed areas.

Contributions

• This study provides a comprehensive, long-term (35-year) analysis of land use/land cover changes in the Tosham block, a rapidly developing semi-arid region in Haryana, India, using multi-temporal Landsat data and GIS.
• It quantitatively demonstrates the effectiveness of remote sensing and GIS for monitoring significant anthropogenic influences on landscape transformation, highlighting the shift from natural/marginal lands to agricultural and built-up areas.
• The findings offer valuable insights for sustainable land management, spatial planning, and informed policymaking to balance agricultural growth, urban expansion, and environmental conservation in similar regions.

Funding

• Not explicitly mentioned in the paper.

Citation

@article{Kumar2025Monitoring,
  author = {Kumar, Dr. Anil},
  title = {Monitoring of Land Use and Land Cover Change Using Geoinformatics Techniques of Tosham Block; Haryana},
  journal = {INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT},
  year = {2025},
  doi = {10.55041/ijsrem54966},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem54966}
}