Ziveh et al. (2026) evapoRe: An R-based application for exploratory data analysis of evapotranspiration

Identification

• Journal: Environmental Modelling & Software
• Year: 2026
• Date: 2026-01-29
• Authors: Akbar Rahmati Ziveh, Mijael Rodrigo Vargas Godoy, Vishal Thakur, Johanna Ruth Thomson, M Hänel, Yannis Markonis
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2026.106884

Research Groups

• Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czechia
• Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Charles University, Prague, Czechia

Short Summary

This paper introduces evapoRe, an R package designed to unify access, visualization, and analysis of multi-source evapotranspiration (ET) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) datasets. It provides a flexible tool for robust ET/PET analysis by integrating 22 homogenized datasets and 12 PET estimation methods across global to regional scales.

Objective

• To develop an R package (evapoRe) that enables efficient access, visualization, and analysis of diverse evapotranspiration (ET) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) datasets across various spatial and temporal scales, thereby addressing biases from relying on single data sources.

Study Configuration

• Spatial Scale: Global, with demonstrations over the Mediterranean, Spain, and the Iberian Peninsula. Data resolution is 0.25 degrees.
• Temporal Scale: 1948–2023, with data available at daily to annual scales.

Methodology and Data

• Models used: 12 potential evapotranspiration (PET) estimation methods (ranging from empirical to physically based).
• Data sources: 22 homogenized evapotranspiration (ET) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) datasets (18 ET, 4 PET) derived from satellites, hydrological models, and reanalyses. Six supporting datasets for PET estimations. Global evaluation uses FLUXNET observations.

Main Results

• Development and release of evapoRe, an R package integrating 22 homogenized ET/PET datasets and 12 PET estimation methods.
• Demonstrated capabilities include: (i) global evaluation of ET/PET products against FLUXNET data, (ii) regional analyses over the Mediterranean, (iii) case studies for drought and extreme events in Spain, and (iv) benchmarking of ET products over the Iberian Peninsula.
• The package covers the period 1948–2023 at a spatial resolution of 0.25 degrees and daily to annual temporal scales.

Contributions

• Provides a novel, unified R-based application (evapoRe) for accessing, visualizing, and analyzing a comprehensive collection of multi-source ET and PET datasets.
• Integrates a wide range of homogenized datasets (22) and PET estimation methods (12), addressing the limitations of single-source reliance.
• Offers a flexible and accessible tool to support diverse research on land–atmosphere interactions and enable robust, comparative ET and PET analysis across various scales.

Funding

• Not explicitly mentioned in the provided text.

Citation

@article{Ziveh2026evapoRe,
  author = {Ziveh, Akbar Rahmati and Godoy, Mijael Rodrigo Vargas and Thakur, Vishal and Thomson, Johanna Ruth and Hänel, M and Markonis, Yannis},
  title = {evapoRe: An R-based application for exploratory data analysis of evapotranspiration},
  journal = {Environmental Modelling & Software},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1016/j.envsoft.2026.106884},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2026.106884}
}