Primeau et al. (2026) A Digital Twin Prototype for Protecting Surface Source Waters

⚠️ Warning: This summary was generated from the abstract only, as the full text was not available.

Identification

• Journal: Sensors
• Year: 2026
• Date: 2026-09-29
• Authors: Russell Primeau, Razak Seidu, Houxiang Zhang, Peihua Han, Guoyuan Li
• DOI: 10.3390/s26196175

Research Groups

• Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
• [Other research groups or labs involved in the study]

Short Summary

This paper presents a digital twin prototype integrating environmental observations, hydrodynamic water quality modeling, and source-protection applications for real-time monitoring and decision support at the Brusdalsvatnet reservoir in Norway. The model demonstrates reliable predictions of water temperature and contaminant transport.

Objective

• Develop an integrated digital twin framework for real-time monitoring and decision support in source-water protection

Study Configuration

• Spatial Scale: Reservoir-scale (Brusdalsvatnet, Norway)
• Temporal Scale: Seasonal to annual timescales (2024 season)

Methodology and Data

• Models used: Three-dimensional hydrodynamic water quality model
• Data sources: Networked environmental observations, satellite data, reanalysis datasets

Main Results

• The digital twin prototype demonstrated reliable predictions of water temperature with a root-mean-square error of 1.73 ∘C near the surface and 2.15 ∘C averaged across depth.
• Contaminant transport scenarios were successfully analyzed using the model.

Contributions

• This study provides a proof-of-concept for source-water decision support, integrating real-time monitoring, contaminant scenario analysis, and uncrewed surface vessel sampling planning.

Funding

• [List projects, programs, and reference codes that funded this research]

Citation

@article{Primeau2026Digital,
  author = {Primeau, Russell and Seidu, Razak and Zhang, Houxiang and Han, Peihua and Li, Guoyuan},
  title = {A Digital Twin Prototype for Protecting Surface Source Waters},
  journal = {Sensors},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.3390/s26196175},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/s26196175}
}