Fibbi et al. (2026) Spatial Interpolation of Meteorological Variables with Daymet4-r2: A Self-Calibrating Algorithm for Complex Terrains

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Identification

• Journal: Water
• Year: 2026
• Date: 2026-06-13
• Authors: Luca Fibbi, G. Bartolini, Bernardo Gozzini, Daniele Grifoni
• DOI: 10.3390/w18121461

Research Groups

Not specified

Short Summary

The study develops and evaluates two real-time adaptations of the Daymet V4 interpolation method (Daymet4-r1 and Daymet4-r2) in Tuscany, demonstrating that a global optimization approach (Daymet4-r2) significantly improves the accuracy of gridded meteorological variables.

Objective

• To develop and compare two enhanced real-time adaptations of the Daymet V4 interpolation method to generate high-resolution gridded meteorological datasets from in situ observations.

Study Configuration

• Spatial Scale: Regional (Tuscany, Italy)
• Temporal Scale: 1995–2011 (comparative validation) and 1991–2024 (extended evaluation for Daymet4-r2)

Methodology and Data

• Models used: Daymet V4, Daymet4-r1 (exhaustive parameter search), and Daymet4-r2 (global optimization using the find_min_global algorithm from the dlib library).
• Data sources: In situ observation network and high-resolution terrain data.

Main Results

• Daymet4-r2 outperformed both Daymet4-r1 and the original Daymet V4 across all tested variables.
• The Mean Absolute Error (MAE) for Daymet4-r2 was:
  • Precipitation: 1.24 mm
  • Maximum Temperature: 1.06 °C
  • Minimum Temperature: 1.29 °C
  • Relative Humidity: 6.26%
  • Wind Speed: 0.78 m/s
  • Sea Level Pressure: 2.04 hPa
• The most significant improvement was observed in minimum temperature, attributed to an enhanced approach for modeling thermal inversions.

Contributions

• Provides a flexible, high-performance interpolation method (Daymet4-r2) that operates without the need for prior calibration, facilitating real-time environmental monitoring and climate services.

Funding

Not specified

Citation

@article{Fibbi2026Spatial,
  author = {Fibbi, Luca and Bartolini, G. and Gozzini, Bernardo and Grifoni, Daniele},
  title = {Spatial Interpolation of Meteorological Variables with Daymet4-r2: A Self-Calibrating Algorithm for Complex Terrains},
  journal = {Water},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.3390/w18121461},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/w18121461}
}