Leng et al. (2026) Well-balanced lattice Boltzmann modelling of the depth-averaged age equation and its correlations with environmental indicators in a typical urban flood retention area

Identification

• Journal: Journal of Hydrology
• Year: 2026
• Date: 2026-09-10
• Authors: Fei Leng, Haifei Liu, Fan Zhang, Shan He, Liyun Zhang, Yujun Yi
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.136408

Research Groups

• National Key Laboratory of Wetland Environmental Protection and Ecological Restoration, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, China
• The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, China
• School of Computer Science, The University of Birmingham, UK
• Department of Environmental Economics, The University of Birmingham, UK

Short Summary

This study develops a well-balanced lattice Boltzmann method to simulate water age distribution in urban flood retention areas and analyzes its correlations with environmental indicators. Significant nonlinear correlations are found between water age and NH3-N, TP, and DO.

Objective

• Investigate the water age distribution and its correlations with multiple environmental indicators in a typical urban flood retention area using refined numerical simulation and in-situ monitoring data.

Study Configuration

• Spatial Scale: Urban flood retention area (typical example)
• Temporal Scale: Year-round comprehensive monitoring program

Methodology and Data

• Models used: Well-balanced lattice Boltzmann method (LBM)
• Data sources: In-situ monitoring data, including ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved oxygen (DO)

Main Results

• Significant nonlinear correlation between water age and NH3-N, TP, and DO
• Prolonged water age leading to increasing concentrations and eutrophication risk

Contributions

• Original value of the article with respect to existing literature: The study provides a refined simulation of water age distribution and its correlations with environmental indicators in urban flood retention areas, which can be used to mitigate eutrophic risk.

Funding

• National Key Laboratory of Wetland Environmental Protection and Ecological Restoration (Beijing Normal University)
• The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education (Beijing Normal University)
• School of Computer Science (The University of Birmingham)

Citation

@article{Leng2026Wellbalanced,
  author = {Leng, Fei and Liu, Haifei and Zhang, Fan and He, Shan and Zhang, Liyun and Yi, Yujun},
  title = {Well-balanced lattice Boltzmann modelling of the depth-averaged age equation and its correlations with environmental indicators in a typical urban flood retention area},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.136408},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.136408}
}