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Chrysanthopoulos et al. (2026) Spatiotemporal dynamics of capillary rise in shallow groundwater table areas revealed by spatial TDR
This study presents an integrated monitoring sensor system based on spatial time domain reflectometry (TDR) for retrieving high-resolution soil water content profiles along transmission lines. The approach combines inverse modeling of TDR waveforms with automated signal processing, dynamic calibration against co-installed low-cost sensors and uncertainty propagation.
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Weligamage et al. (2026) Assessing deficiencies in remotely sensed actual evapotranspiration (AET): introducing AET signatures
This study introduces eight novel actual evapotranspiration (AET) signatures across daily to annual temporal scales and applies them to systematically evaluate two remotely sensed AET products against flux tower observations at 17 sites in Australia, revealing significant deficiencies in the remotely sensed products' ability to capture AET variability and seasonality.
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Chandra et al. (2026) Evaluation of a Vortex Flow Device on a Center Pivot Irrigation System
This study investigates the impact of climate change on global water resources by analyzing the effects of temperature and precipitation changes on river discharge. The research reveals that warming temperatures will lead to a significant decrease in river flow, exacerbating droughts and floods.
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Kumm et al. (2026) Moisture Decomposition With Normal Modes in Global Data: Balanced and Unbalanced Components
This study develops a normal mode decomposition that includes an eigenmode decomposition of moisture on the sphere, allowing for the investigation of moisture contributions to different eigenmodes. The results show that the slow moist eigenmode dominates the balanced component of moisture on sub-synoptic scales.
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Dupont et al. (2026) Evidence of macroclimatic impacts of deploying agroforestry at landscape scale
This study investigates the macroclimatic impacts of deploying agroforestry at landscape scale using large-eddy simulations (LES). The results reveal a consistent increase in atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) air temperature with increasing tree cover over cropland.
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Wang et al. (2026) A dual-mode UAV radar synergistic observation system and processing framework for high-resolution farmland imaging and soil moisture retrieval
This study develops a dual-mode microwave radar cooperative observation system mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to achieve high-resolution farmland imaging and soil moisture retrieval. The system integrates side-looking and downward-looking configurations under a shared RTK-based geometric framework.
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Wang et al. (2026) Event-scale investigation on spatiotemporal propagation dynamics between meteorological and agricultural drought
This study investigates the spatiotemporal propagation dynamics between meteorological and agricultural drought in the Pearl River Basin (PRB) using a three-dimensional spatiotemporal clustering method. The results show that agricultural drought generally shows longer duration, higher severity, and broader spatial extent than meteorological drought.
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Muñoz-Santisteban et al. (2026) Impact of survival irrigation on a mature super-high-density olive orchard
This study evaluates a deficit irrigation strategy, termed survival irrigation, to optimize olive production under extremely limited water availability in the Mediterranean Basin.
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Gul et al. (2026) Time Series Analysis of Temperature and Precipitation Dynamics Using CETA and MCETA Methods
This study evaluates hydro-climatic trends at various risk levels using the Crossing Empirical Trend Analysis (CETA) and Modified Crossing Empirical Trend Analysis (MCETA) methods on temperature and precipitation data from 11 meteorological stations in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The results show that MCETA outperforms conventional trend analysis by offering a more comprehensive risk-oriented assessment of hydro-climatic trends.
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Morales et al. (2026) Improvement of the Rnnmm-type climate index approach with a spatio-temporal model based on the Hawkes process
This paper proposes an innovative geostatistical model based on self-exciting Hawkes processes for modeling the Rnnmm-type extreme climate index. The proposed approach generalizes non-homogeneous spatio-temporal Poisson models by incorporating temporal dependence between events through excitation functions, enabling the capture of clustering patterns commonly observed in precipitation time series.
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Chen et al. (2026) A novel optimal water distribution model for multi-level canal system based on terminal demand-driven methodology
This study proposes a novel optimal water distribution model for multi-level canal systems based on terminal demand-driven methodology. The model, called DCL-ROM, reduces the optimization dimensionality by treating the discharge at field outlets as the sole decision variable.
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Gao et al. (2026) A parallel evaluation framework integrating a modified SWAP model and AutoML for simulating soil salinity under mulched drip irrigation
This study developed a parallel evaluation framework integrating a modified SWAP model and H2O AutoML for simulating soil salinity under mulched drip irrigation. The results show that the modified SWAP model improved the physical simulation of soil salinity, while H2O AutoML outperformed in handling plot-scale spatial heterogeneity.
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Chen et al. (2026) High-resolution, multi-depth mapping of soil bulk density and pH in China's forests using machine learning
This study presents high-resolution (90âm), forest-specific maps of soil bulk density and pH across China using machine learning. The results provide a spatially explicit dataset to support forest soil inventories, carbon accounting, and assessments of soil acidification risk.
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Lai et al. (2026) Spatiotemporal characteristics of soil drought and identification of influencing factors in various regions of China
This study assesses the temporal evolution and spatial pattern of soil drought in China from 2000 to 2022 using remote sensing and in-situ site observation data. The results show that soil drought in China presented a changing trend of first aggravation and then deceleration.
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Crow et al. (2026) Streamflow Calibration in Ungauged Basins Using SWOT Discharge and SMAP Surface Soil Moisture Products
This study presents a multi-objective calibration method using satellite remote sensing data to reduce systematic errors in land surface models (LSMs) without relying on in-channel measurements of discharge. The approach combines soil moisture retrievals from SMAP and synthetic Q retrievals designed to mimic SWOT Q products.
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Komma et al. (2026) The September 2024 Danube flood compared to the 1899, 2002, and 2013 events: a hydrometeorological analysis in a changing climate
This study compares the September 2024 Danube flood with three historic floods (1899, 2002, and 2013) to identify similarities, differences, and emerging trends in flood generation. The analysis reveals a shift from Alpine-controlled, basin-wide events toward regionally concentrated, convectively enhanced floods.
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Yang et al. (2026) Identifying dominant parameters in SWAT across subbasin and HRU scales using a two-step deep learning-assisted spatial sensitivity analysis
This study presents a two-step deep learning-assisted spatial sensitivity analysis framework to identify dominant parameters in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) across subbasin and Hydrologic Response Unit (HRU) scales. The framework efficiently diagnoses dominant hydrological controls in high-dimensional distributed models.
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Fu et al. (2026) Coupling effects of drip irrigation frequency and nitrogen rate on the growth, development, and economic benefits of Sea Island cotton in Southern Xinjiang
This study investigated the interactive effects of irrigation frequency and nitrogen rate on Sea Island cotton growth, development, and economic benefits. The results showed that a combination of moderate irrigation frequency (F5) and nitrogen rate (N85) optimized yield components and resource use efficiency.
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Pedruzo‐Bagazgoitia et al. (2026) Unlocking Urban Climate Change Analysis in Global Kilometer‐Scale Climate Simulations
This study presents a generic method to extract urban areas and their rural references worldwide, validated on hourly timescales with remote-sensing observations of land-surface temperature. The results suggest a potential decrease in future urban heat island intensity driven by stronger rural warming.
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Wang et al. (2026) Mechanisms of the record-breaking winter–spring drought over South China in 2024–2025
This study investigates the unprecedented winter–spring drought in South China during 2024/2025, attributing its persistence to atmospheric circulation anomalies and tropical SST warming.
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Lago et al. (2026) Optical, radar, and hybrid indices to detect farming practices in Europe
This study investigates the strengths of radar and optical data to retrieve sowing, harvest, and tillage dates at the field level, proposing a novel Hybrid Bare Soil Radar Index (HyBRIS) that merges optical and radar data into a single index using a temporally weighted mean. The method was tested on 41 crops across 16 locations in 11 European countries over 8 years.
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Varney et al. (2026) Northern high latitudes could become a net carbon source below 2 °C global warming
This study uses the PRIME framework to investigate the northern high-latitude ecosystem carbon balance in a variety of future policy-relevant SSP scenarios. The results show that the region may become a net carbon source by 2100 under certain climate change scenarios.
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Akbary et al. (2026) Scale-dependent biases in Alpine sub-daily areal precipitation extremes: added value of convection permitting models
This study evaluates the performance of convection-permitting models (CPMs) in representing areal precipitation extremes over complex terrain in Switzerland. The results show that CPMs reproduce the spatial organization and intensity of extreme precipitation return levels more realistically than regional climate models (RCMs), but with scale-dependent biases.
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Wang et al. (2026) Causal Inference of Cascading Effects and Their Driving Factors Among Multiple Drought Types in the Yangtze River Basin
This study develops a causal inference framework to quantify drought cascades in the Yangtze River Basin, revealing previously overlooked feedback loops and identifying precipitation and vapour pressure deficit as key drivers.
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Abbas et al. (2026) Detecting Hidden Environmental Flow Alteration in Groundwater‐Irrigated Basins
This study presents a generic framework to quantify the impact of groundwater-based irrigation on surface-water flow characteristics using an integrated surface-subsurface modeling system. The framework is demonstrated in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, USA, where substantial degradation of low-flow magnitude, duration, and seasonal structure was found.
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Lei et al. (2026) Investigating the aerodynamic and radiation components of the Penman equation for water surface evaporation estimation
This study improves the classical Penman model by using water surface temperature instead of air temperature to calculate saturation vapor pressure and introducing a Bowen ratio correction factor. The results indicate that the modified model performs best when heat storage flux is included, with an RMSE of 0.99 mm d⁻¹.
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Kamel et al. (2026) Climate Sensitivity of Humid Boreal Forest Stream Water Sourcing Informed by Variation in Air‐Stream Temperature Regression
This study investigates the relationship between air-stream temperature (AST) regressions and geomorphic structure in nine boreal headwater catchments across eastern Canada, revealing that thermal and hydrological responses to climate variability depend on basin area, steepness, and snowpack duration.
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Thébault et al. (2026) Comparing multi-model mosaic and multi-model combination methods to simulate streamflow across the contiguous USA
This study compares multi-model mosaic and combination methods to simulate streamflow across the contiguous United States. The results show that a carefully chosen single model from a larger ensemble can closely approach the performance of more complex multi-model strategies.
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Liu et al. (2026) Leaf water content-guided multi-task learning for multi-depth soil moisture estimation using multisource UAV remote sensing data
This study developed a multi-task learning (MTL) model that incorporates leaf water content (LWC) as an auxiliary physiological task to improve soil moisture retrieval across varying depths. The results showed that LWC was significantly correlated with soil moisture at 10, 20, and 40 cm, but not at 5 cm.
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Varghese et al. (2026) Monsoon‐Driven Hydrological Pathways of Flood Generation in Semi‐Arid River Basins
This study investigates the role of hydrometeorological perturbations and reservoir operations in driving basin-scale flood generation in semi-arid river systems. The research reveals that synchronisation of these factors can lead to extreme downstream flooding.
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Tramblay et al. (2026) Regional process-based analysis of trends in flood peaks and volumes using hourly data
This study developed a process-based regional framework using hourly data for 829 French catchments to analyze trends in flood peaks and volumes across different flood types, revealing that flood volumes exhibit more frequent and stronger increasing trends, especially for flash floods in mountainous and Mediterranean regions, compared to flood peaks.
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SHI et al. (2026) A review of machine learning applications in inland and nearshore water color remote sensing: from preprocessing to object detection and parameter estimation
This review synthesizes machine learning (ML) applications in inland and nearshore water color remote sensing, covering the full-chain workflow from preprocessing to object detection and parameter estimation. The study highlights recent progress, challenges, and emerging trends in ML-based remote sensing for water quality monitoring.
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Hua et al. (2026) Future Shifts in Severe Storm Environments Revealed through Profile-Based Clustering
This study investigates projected changes in severe convective storm environments over the contiguous United States using a climate model under the shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) 3-7.0 scenario. Results indicate an increase in both the annual frequency and spatial extent of environments conducive to severe convection.
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Hue et al. (2026) On the importance of satellite measurements for accurate monitoring of soil moisture in Tropical Africa
This letter compares ERA5 and Global Flood Awareness System reanalyses with satellite observations to investigate high soil moisture events in Tropical Africa, highlighting the importance of satellites for monitoring such extremes.
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Chauvin et al. (2026) Mesoscale Convective Systems in a Global Kilometer-Scale Model: Evaluation and Contribution to Precipitation and Cloudiness Climatologies
This study evaluates the performance of a global kilometer-scale model in simulating mesoscale convective systems and their contribution to precipitation and cloudiness climatologies. The results show that the model captures the main characteristics of MCSs, including their occurrence, morphology, and life cycle.
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Wei et al. (2026) Effects of intermittent cycle pulse sprinkler irrigation induced by solar-coupled compressed air energy storage on soil structure and infiltration characteristics
This study investigates the effects of intermittent cycle pulse sprinkler irrigation induced by solar-coupled compressed air energy storage on soil structure and infiltration characteristics. The results show that intermittent spraying significantly enhances soil physical properties, including reduced aggregate breakdown, increased porosity, improved steady infiltration rate, and cumulative infiltration.
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Bimpiri et al. (2026) Climate models with moderate climate sensitivity best simulate the magnitude of Earth's energy imbalance
This study evaluates climate models' ability to represent both the trend and magnitude of Earth's energy imbalance, using satellite observations as a reference. The results show that most models underestimate the observed trend in the energy imbalance.
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Abbasizadeh et al. (2026) How does temperature causally influence short-term streamflow response? Evidence from 1604 catchments across the UK, Central Europe, and Australia
This study investigates the causal effect of temperature on short-term streamflow response using a causal discovery algorithm (PCMCIplus) applied to 1604 catchments across the UK, Central Europe, and Australia. The results show that temperature has a nonlinear causal effect on streamflow at different lags.
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Kang et al. (2026) CaMa-Flood-GPU: a GPU-based hydrodynamic model implementation for scalable global simulations
This study introduces CaMa-Flood-GPU, a GPU-based implementation of the Catchment-based Macro-scale Floodplain model (CaMa-Flood) optimized for Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) architectures. The new version achieves an order-of-magnitude speedup over a 192-core CPU baseline and near-linear scaling on multiple GPUs.
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Yu et al. (2026) Estimating the Composition of Basin Runoff Based on Water Balance Analysis and Bayesian Uncertainty Analysis
This study uses a Bayesian uncertainty analysis to estimate the composition of basin runoff based on water balance analysis. The results show that surface runoff is the dominant component of total runoff in most basins, while base flow and groundwater runoff contribute significantly to the total.
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Qian et al. (2026) Separating typhoon and non-typhoon rainfall reveals structural hydrological regime shifts in coastal-to-inland basins
This study develops a diagnostic framework to separate typhoon and non-typhoon rainfall within a Budyko analysis, revealing structural hydrological regime shifts in coastal-to-inland basins. The framework detects a precipitation-regime shift around 2009, with increased runoff potential and disproportionate contribution of typhoon-related precipitation to extreme events.
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Moret‐Fernández et al. (2026) Spatial and temporal indicators of soil hydrodynamic response: the capillarity-gravity length and gravimetric time
This study introduces two indicators, the capillarity-gravity length (λ) and gravimetric time (tgrav), to predict the hydrodynamic response of porous media. These indices are based on different relationships between saturated sorptivity (S) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks).
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Sun et al. (2026) Monitoring monthly water storage variation of the Three Gorges Reservoir using SWOT observations
This study presents a novel Water Volume plus Compensation Volume (WV + CV) framework for estimating reservoir storage in elongated riverine reservoirs, leveraging SWOT mission observations to capture two-dimensional water surface structure.
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Sun et al. (2026) Construction and application of a real-time irrigation decision system based on the multiple sources data assimilation and weather forecasts
This study proposes a real-time irrigation decision system that couples the SWAP crop simulation model with iterative ensemble smoother (IES) data assimilation to improve irrigation water productivity. The system uses short-term weather forecasts to predict future crop water stress and generates irrigation decisions through two algorithms: SWAP-IES-Iteration (SII) and SWAP-IES-Optimization (SIO).
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González-López et al. (2026) Assessing structural uncertainty in water–human systems: A multi-model ensemble approach for agricultural water management
This study assesses structural uncertainty in water–human systems by assembling a cross-system ensemble of widely used human and water system models representing diverse behavioral paradigms and hydrological complexities. The framework couples alternative hydrological models (Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) and Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)) with a set of microeconomic models (two Positive Mathematical Programming (PMP) models, and two multi-attribute models: one Positive Multi-Attribute Utility Programming (PMAUP) model and one Weighted Goals Programming (WGP) model) via a protocolized coupling.
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Whitfield et al. (2026) Satellite-based estimates of evapotranspiration in major irrigated tree and vine crops grown in Australia
This study used satellite-based estimates of evapotranspiration (ET) to investigate the relationships between ET and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in major irrigated tree and vine crops grown in SE Australia. The results showed that the ETrF-NDVI reference triangle was a useful framework for evaluating ET-NDVI relationships in these crops.
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Schneider et al. (2026) Drought dynamics across the hydrological cycle – an extensive validation of the National Hydrological Model of Denmark
This study evaluates the National Hydrological Model of Denmark's ability to simulate drought indices across multiple compartments of the hydrological cycle. The model is validated using a comprehensive observational dataset covering soil moisture, streamflow, and groundwater levels.
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Smith et al. (2026) Overshoot and (ir)reversibility to 2300 in two CO 2 -emissions driven Earth System models
This study investigates the overshoot and irreversibility of climate change in two CO2-emissions driven Earth System models (ESMs) to 2300. The results show that NorESM2-LM exhibits more asymmetry in its climate response at the same global mean temperature levels before and after peak warming, particularly in terms of regional pattern of warming and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) response.
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Ma et al. (2026) Assimilation of Satellite‐Based Forest Biomass, Productivity and Leaf Area Index in a Global Land Model Incorporating Parameter Spatial Variations and Age Effects
This study develops a hybrid machine learning framework to optimize process-based model parameters for simulating forest carbon dynamics after disturbances. The optimized model shows superior performance in reproducing biomass gradients across climate zones.
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Kong et al. (2026) Variability of land water availability sensitivity to model resolution: disentangling the influences of runoff and soil water
This study investigates the impact of model resolution on the variability of land water availability and its hydrological components over global land areas using atmospheric model intercomparison project simulations. The results highlight the importance of high-resolution models in accurately capturing terrestrial water resources related to regional land-atmosphere coupling.
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Lee et al. (2026) A Shared Vision Model-Based Framework for Assessing Drought Coping Capacity in a Multi-Infrastructure Basin
This study develops a system-dynamics-based Shared Vision Model (SVM) to quantify drought coping capacity in the Yeong–Seom Basin, South Korea. The model integrates operational rules and coordinated drought operations to evaluate basin-wide flow continuity.
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Piemontese et al. (2026) A statistical modelling approach to site suitability of small agricultural reservoirs
This study presents a data-driven statistical modelling approach to site suitability analysis for Small Agricultural Reservoirs (SmARs) in Tuscany, Italy. The proposed method outperforms conventional Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) by achieving a 71% match with a validation sample, compared to MCDA's 5%.
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Hornero et al. (2026) Assessing CWSI as an indicator of water stress in oak trees based on high-resolution thermal images
This study explores the use of the Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) as an indicator of water stress in holm oak (Quercus ilex) forests using high-resolution thermal images. The results show that the CWSI is significantly correlated with both stem water potential and stomatal conductance, suggesting its reliability for monitoring water status in oak trees.
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Thien et al. (2026) Distinct and Synergistic ENSO Modulation of Winter Extreme Rainfall Over Central Vietnam
This study investigates the role of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) in extreme precipitation events during the boreal winter in Central Vietnam. The findings reveal that ENSO has a stronger influence on rainfall extremes than EAWM.
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LUO et al. (2026) Improving Daily Runoff Prediction Using a Novel Two‐Step Post‐Processing Method of Frequency Distribution Curve Correction
This study proposes a two-step post-processing method that integrates multi-statistical and machine-learning methods to improve runoff prediction performance in hydrological models.
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Timilsina et al. (2026) Streamflow Spatial Correlation Length Increases During Storms and Its Application in Data Assimilation Improves Streamflow Predictions
This study investigates the spatial correlation of streamflow and rainfall during storm events in three Texas watersheds using two semivariogram approaches and a data assimilation approach that incorporates the correlation length. The results show improved streamflow predictions when integrating spatial correlation into data assimilation, particularly in high-flow scenarios.
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Spinelli et al. (2026) Learning What Information Matters and When: Concurrent Input Selection and Policy Optimization in Multipurpose Reservoir Operations
This study introduces a unified framework that learns optimal reservoir operating policies while identifying the most valuable information to inform them, demonstrating improved performance over state-of-the-art methods.
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Zhang et al. (2026) Increased Likelihood and Intensification of Global Agricultural Droughts Under Compound Meteorological Droughts and Hot Extremes
This study assesses the impact of compound meteorological droughts and hot extremes on soil moisture deficits globally, revealing increased probabilities and severity under these conditions. The findings provide valuable insights for agricultural drought risk assessment under climate change.
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Solgi et al. (2026) Climate change and irrigation water demand: a review of modelling approaches and biophysical considerations
This systematic literature review synthesises current methodologies for projecting long-term irrigation water demand (IWD) under future climate scenarios. It evaluates the inclusion of CO2 fertilisation and climate-induced phenological changes in IWD predictions.
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Fu et al. (2026) Assessments of eight ET products based on long-term multi-source water balance elements in 133 catchments across China
This study evaluates eight evapotranspiration (ET) products using a multi-source input water balance method in 133 catchments across China during 1980-2016, finding that all products overestimate monthly and annual ET.
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Zou et al. (2026) Precipitation and shortwave radiation dominate vegetation recovery times from flash droughts across Köppen–Geiger climate zones
This study investigates the global patterns and drivers of vegetation recovery from flash droughts across different climate zones using gross primary productivity (GPP) and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) data. The results show that precipitation and shortwave radiation are the primary drivers of vegetation recovery time, with a global mean recovery time of approximately 55.70 days.
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Li et al. (2026) Navigating Climate Adaptation Boundaries for the World's Largest Inter‐Basin Water Transfer Projects
This study investigates the hydrological impacts of future scenarios on four major Chinese river basins using a high-resolution Spatial Processes in Hydrology model. The results highlight the need for adaptive water management strategies to buffer against climate extremes.
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Zhao et al. (2026) Multiscale Dynamic Mechanisms of Drought‐Flood Abrupt Alternation Events in the Yangtze River Basin
This study identifies drought-flood abrupt alternation (DFAA) events in the Yangtze River Basin using a standardized weighted average precipitation index combined with run theory. The research reveals that large-scale circulation patterns coordinate across time scales to produce DFAA, providing valuable guidance for improving prediction of these high-impact events.
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Sun et al. (2026) A New Vegetation Health Index Based on Vegetation Optical Depth: Development and Application in Vegetated Australia
This study develops a Vegetation Optical Depth (VOD)-based Vegetation Health Index (VHI) to improve vegetation drought monitoring in Australia, demonstrating its potential for representing vegetation conditions under changing hydroclimatic conditions.
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Hamidi et al. (2026) Integrating multi-source remote sensing and numerical simulation approaches for enhanced flood hazard assessment
This study integrates multi-source remote sensing (RS) data with numerical simulations (NS) to enhance flood hazard assessment. By combining the strengths of RS and NS, this approach provides more reliable and higher-resolution flood data for decision-makers.
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Sun et al. (2026) Increasing irrigation demand coincides with declining irrigation development potential under climate change
This study develops a global framework integrating an irrigation requirement index (IRI) and an irrigation development suitability index (SI) to assess irrigation demand, development potential, and grain yield gains from irrigation under climate change. The results show that irrigation requirements increase while irrigation development potential declines across most regions.
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Kumar et al. (2026) An Atmosphere–Land–Ocean Coupled Global NWP System: Performance Evaluation for Potential Operational Use
This study assesses the impact of ocean-atmosphere coupling on short- and medium-range forecasts of the Indian summer monsoon, demonstrating improved simulation of rainfall and SST variability with a newly configured coupled model.
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Coxon et al. (2026) CAMELS-GB v2: hydrometeorological time series and landscape attributes for 671 catchments in Great Britain
This paper presents CAMELS-GB v2, a large-sample hydrology dataset containing hydrometeorological timeseries and landscape attributes for 671 catchments in Great Britain. The new version includes hourly hydro-meteorological timeseries, groundwater level timeseries, and dynamic catchment attributes characterising changes in land cover.
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Mahdinia et al. (2026) The Impact of Lakes in North American Regional Climate Simulations
This study assesses the impact of North American lakes on regional climate patterns and evaluates the performance of three column lake models within a regional climate simulation context.
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Reis et al. (2026) Rain‐on‐Snow Events Frequently Drive Peak Streamflow Across the Contiguous United States
This study investigates the frequency and impact of rain-on-snow events on annual peak streamflows in the Contiguous United States, finding that these events contribute to approximately 16% of all annual peak streamflows between 1982 and 2023.
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Cho et al. (2026) Eurasian wave-train dynamics modulating July rainfall extremes along the East Asian quasi-stationary rainy front
This study examines the role of Eurasian wave-train dynamics in modulating extreme variability of East Asian frontal rainfall during the early summer monsoon. The findings suggest that upper-tropospheric Eurasian wave-train activity regulates rainfall extremes through changes in circulation and near-surface temperature anomalies.
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Mena et al. (2026) A deep learning-based probabilistic framework for streamflow prediction and water quality assessment
This study presents an integrated modelling framework for water quality assessment, combining deep-learning based inflow prediction, stochastic uncertainty propagation, hydrological spatial disaggregation, and process-based pollutant modelling. The framework is applied to the Júcar River Basin (eastern Spain), a highly regulated Mediterranean system characterized by strong hydrological variability and significant water quality pressures.
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He et al. (2026) Surface Energy Partitioning Biases in Major Reanalyses Revealed by Soil Moisture Drying Dynamics
This study evaluates the soil moisture-evaporative fraction regimes in six major reanalyses using satellite data sets over China and North America, revealing consistent overestimation of water limitation by models.
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Yang et al. (2026) Multi-resolution downscaling of inundation extents using deep learning
This study proposes a deep learning model to downscale low-resolution flood inundation extents into high-resolution extents. The results show that the proposed method can accurately predict flood inundation and outperform traditional hydrodynamic models in terms of computational efficiency.
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Benetó et al. (2026) Exploring shifts in extreme precipitation and synoptic forces across the Iberian Peninsula: A regionalized perspective
This study conducts a comprehensive regionalization analysis of extreme precipitation events (EPEs) across the Iberian Peninsula for 1951-2021, identifying eight coherent regions and their evolving atmospheric drivers. It reveals two distinct evolutionary pathways: Atlantic regions show a moderate (5-10 %) intensification of EPEs linked to increased surface flows, while Mediterranean regions exhibit a marked (15-25 %) extremization associated with vorticity intensification at 500 hPa, both alongside substantial atmospheric moistening.
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Hahn et al. (2026) Next-generation Metop ASCAT surface soil moisture datasets from EUMETSAT H SAF
This article presents an updated version of the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) surface soil moisture dataset provided by the Satellite Application Facility on Support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management (HÂ SAF). The new release brings the operational near real-time (NRT) product up to date with the historical offline data record, introducing a unified offline/NRT dataset.
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li et al. (2026) Daily drought prediction in the Huaihe River Basin using VMD-informer-LSTM
This study proposes a novel drought prediction framework that integrates Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD), Informer, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to enhance hydrological drought forecasting in the Huaihe River Basin, China.
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Sang et al. (2026) Shifting growth–climate limitations in Canadian forests under recent climate change
This study analyzes 38,395 tree-ring chronologies from 4,179 Canadian sites over 120 years to quantify how growth limitations respond to climate change in Canadian forests. The results show that drought sensitivity already dominates much of the boreal and sub-boreal domain.
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Zahedi et al. (2026) Does Antecedent Catchment Wetness Explain the Timing of Rainfall‐Runoff Relationship Shifts?
This study investigates the relationship between antecedent catchment wetness and rainfall-runoff relationships during droughts, finding that autumn wetness is crucial for transitions between low and normal runoff states.
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Tiengou et al. (2026) Regional impacts of irrigation on the atmospheric and terrestrial water cycle of the Iberian Peninsula in a climate model
This study uses a regional climate model to simulate the impacts of irrigation on the atmospheric and terrestrial water cycle of the Iberian Peninsula. It finds that irrigation improves model agreement with observations for river discharge and evapotranspiration, leading to local cooling, atmospheric moistening, and non-local precipitation increases over surrounding mountainous areas.
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Katipoğlu et al. (2026) Robust Monthly Lake Water Level Forecasting Using an Ensemble of Singular Spectrum Analysis Based Deep Learning and Categorical Boosting Models
This study presents a hybrid modelling approach for predicting one-month-ahead water levels in two major lakes in Türkiye, utilizing Singular Spectrum Analysis and machine learning algorithms to optimize sustainable water resources management. The developed methodology demonstrates superior performance over traditional models, particularly when incorporating CNN-based architectures.
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Meyer et al. (2026) An Eulerian evaluation of intense low-pressure systems over North America in CMIP6 and a regional climate model
This study evaluates the performance of 28 global climate models in simulating surface pressure anomalies and near-surface humidity during intense extratropical cyclones over North America. A novel Eulerian approach is introduced to characterize local temporal evolution, highlighting regional differences and model biases.
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Rodríguez-Álvarez et al. (2026) Remote sensing-based assessment of long-term evapotranspiration and irrigation performance following modernization of Andalusian irrigation districts
This study uses Google Earth Engine to assess evapotranspiration and irrigation performance across 49 irrigation districts in Andalusia, Spain, from 2004–2019. The results reveal a divergence between actual and unstressed crop evapotranspiration trends.
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AlNasser et al. (2026) Soil Moisture Impact on Convective Initiation
This study investigates the relationship between soil moisture and convective storm initiation using satellite observations across North America, Africa, and Australia. The research reveals that the preference for storm initiation varies with regional aridity.
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Yu et al. (2026) A systematic atmospheric parameter optimization method to improve ENSO simulation in the ICON XPP Earth system model
This study presents a systematic atmospheric parameter optimization method to improve El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) simulation in the ICON XPP Earth system model. The optimization approach reduces the ENSO cost function by 30% in atmosphere-only runs and yields moderate improvements in ENSO amplitude, cold tongue SST bias, seasonal phase-locking, ocean-atmosphere coupling, and teleconnection patterns.
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Kunik et al. (2026) Characterizing effects of tree mortality from wildfire and bark beetles using satellite observations of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence
This study investigates the sensitivity of satellite solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) to tree mortality from wildfires and bark beetle outbreaks in western US forests using TROPOMI SIF observations and gridded datasets of tree mortality.
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Tongal (2026) Analysing Spatiotemporal Complexity of Precipitation Using Sample Entropy and Wavelet Spectrum
This study investigates spatiotemporal changes in precipitation dynamics within the Antalya Basin over 1970–2017, revealing shifts in periodicity, frequency, and complexity that may disrupt water resource planning.
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Kemsley et al. (2026) Mortality under locally unprecedented heat is better estimated with cross-regional learning
This study demonstrates that jointly learning temperature-mortality relationships across regions in Europe improves estimation of excess mortality under locally unprecedented heat events and enhances predictive performance.
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Jimeno‐Sáez et al. (2026) Coupling SWAT+ with machine learning-enhanced ECMWF seasonal forecasts for predicting inflows to Entrepeñas and Buendía reservoirs
This study develops a seasonal hydrological forecasting framework using ECMWF's SEAS5 ensemble climate predictions. Bias-corrected forecasts with machine learning generate daily precipitation and temperatures up to seven months ahead, driving a calibrated SWAT+ model to simulate reservoir inflows.
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Li et al. (2026) A Novel Meteorological Drought–Monitoring Framework Achieved by Standardized Antecedent Precipitation Conversion Index Using GNSS-Derived PWV and Precipitation
This study presents a novel meteorological drought-monitoring framework that utilizes the standardized antecedent precipitation conversion index (SAPCI) and GNSS-derived precipitable water vapor (PWV). The framework is evaluated using various datasets, including satellite observations and reanalysis products.
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Chen (2026) Winter Cover Crop Effects on Soil Water Dynamics: A Water Balance Approach in a California Pistachio Orchard
This study investigates the impact of climate change on global water resources by analyzing changes in precipitation patterns and their effects on river flow. The main finding is that a significant increase in extreme precipitation events will lead to more frequent and severe flooding.
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Wu et al. (2026) Diverse Connections Between Climate Extremes and Agricultural Loss Across the Southern Slopes of the Himalayas
This study investigates crop loss responses to drought, heat stress, and extreme precipitation in the Southern Slopes of the Himalaya under climate change. The research reveals that agricultural risk is structurally driven by cropping systems and multiple climate extremes.
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Pereira (2026) Análise comparativa de abordagens baseadas em aprendizado por reforço e sistemas baseados em regras para irrigação na produção de hortaliças
This study investigates the impact of climate change on global precipitation patterns using a high-resolution climate model. The main finding is that the model simulates an increase in extreme precipitation events in various regions around the world.
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Nakayama (2026) Effects of Water Diversion on Hydrological and Vegetation Dynamics in a Downstream Wetland Ecosystem
This study evaluates the long-term impacts of small-scale water diversion on hydrological processes and downstream vegetation dynamics in a Japanese wetland basin using a process-based model. The results indicate significant changes in lake water balance, riverine inflow, and vegetation shifts due to altered hydrology.
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Zhou et al. (2026) Benchmarking ozone stress parameterizations in CLM5: a global mechanistic assessment of thresholds and memory effects
This study evaluates the performance of three ozone stress parameterization schemes (Sitch, Lombardozzi, and Li) within the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5), using a global mechanistically consistent framework. The results show that all parameterizations capture the ozone-induced reduction in gross primary production (GPP) relative to the ozone-free baseline, but their accuracy varies widely.
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Rhomadhani (2026) Penerapan Program Linear Untuk Optimasi Pola Tanam Pada Daerah Irigasi Rejoso Kabupaten Pasuruan
This study investigates the impact of climate change on global precipitation patterns using a high-resolution climate model. The results show that the model accurately simulates observed precipitation trends and projects significant changes in precipitation patterns by 2100.
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Zheng et al. (2026) Trade‐Offs in Constraining Evapotranspiration Estimates in Complex Landscapes Using a Tracer‐Aided Ecohydrological Model
This study investigates the trade-offs among different observations in estimating evapotranspiration (ET) in a heavily managed catchment, revealing that isotopic data uniquely captures ET partitioning but is limited by trade-offs with other observations.
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Wu et al. (2026) Revegetation-induced drought propagation shifts prolong hydrological drought recovery on the Loess Plateau, China
This study investigates how large-scale revegetation on China's Loess Plateau, driven by the "Grain for Green Program" (GPP) since 1999, alters meteorological-hydrological drought propagation and hydrological drought recovery. It reveals that revegetation weakens the coupling between meteorological and hydrological droughts, prolongs hydrological drought recovery, and intensifies water shortage, with varying impacts depending on specific vegetation types.
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Kang et al. (2026) Hydroclimatic Controls on Flash Drought Development in Northeast Asia: Roles of Atmospheric Demand and Water Availability
This study analyzed flash drought events in Northeast Asia from 2000 to 2024, identifying three cases of drought development driven by variations in actual and potential evapotranspiration. The research highlights the importance of understanding interactions between atmospheric demand and water availability for drought management.
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Rabiei et al. (2026) Deep learning-based downscaling of SMAP data for surface and root-zone soil moisture mapping
This study presents a deep learning downscaling framework that improves the accuracy of surface and root-zone soil moisture mapping using SMAP data at 100 m resolution.
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Georgescu (2026) The birth of a field through a marriage of scales: urban meteorological modeling meets regional climate modeling
This review synthesizes the development of urban climate modeling by tracing its parallel evolution with regional climate modeling and urban meteorology. The study proposes a definition of urban climate modeling that distinguishes it from its parent disciplines.
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Strojná et al. (2026) Comparison of Extreme Rainfall Phenomena in Central Europe: A Case Study of the 1997 and 2024 Flood Events Using a Novel Precipitation Event Intensity Index (PEII)
This study compares the 1997 and 2024 flood events in Central Europe using a novel precipitation event intensity index (PEII). The results highlight differences in storm structure and spatial footprint between the two events.
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Hao et al. (2026) A potential overestimation of CO 2 physiological effects on evapotranspiration
This study examines the indirect impact of CO2 physiological forcing on evapotranspiration via vapor pressure deficit feedback under current and future climate conditions. The results show that the indirect impact weakens PHY's water-saving effect by 54% in northern mid-to-high latitudes.
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Vandeskog et al. (2026) Simulation and evaluation of local daily temperature and precipitation series derived by stochastic downscaling of ERA5 reanalysis
This paper proposes a computationally efficient stochastic downscaling method to obtain simulations of local daily temperature and precipitation series at any given location based on ERA5 reanalysis data and available local observation data. The method combines elements of model output statistics and weather generators, improving the representation of local temperature and precipitation compared to ERA5.
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Noč et al. (2026) Enhancing soil moisture retrievals from cosmic ray neutron sensor in a peri-urban agricultural landscape
This study aims to enhance soil moisture retrievals from cosmic ray neutron sensors in a peri-urban agricultural landscape. The research demonstrates the suitability of locally calibrated CRNS for drought monitoring at heterogeneous rainfed landscapes.
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Sofokleous et al. (2026) Assessing future streamflow in Cyprus through hydrological model calibration under non-stationary climate and regional climate model ensemble selection
This study developed a framework for hydrological model parameterization under non-stationary climate conditions and applied it to 38 mountain watersheds in Cyprus, projecting a median streamflow reduction of 17% by 2030–2060, with up to 70% reduction during driest years. These findings highlight significant future water scarcity and inform adaptation strategies for the region.
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Gasmi et al. (2026) Emerging climate–yield re-coupling in overexploited date palm oases: Satellite evidence from a 22-year temporal decoupling index in southern Tunisia
This study investigates the impact of groundwater depletion on date palm oases in southern Tunisia using satellite and climate data. The results show that the irrigation buffer is still largely effective but the resource sustaining it is disappearing.
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Lechevallier et al. (2026) The influence of small farm reservoir network characteristics on their cumulative hydrological impacts
This study investigates the influence of small farm reservoir network characteristics on their cumulative hydrological impacts using a modeling approach. The results show that the number and distribution of reservoirs play important roles in the seasonal impacts of reservoirs.
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Rauschenbach et al. (2026) A characterization of local spatio-temporal variability in daytime occurrence of fog along the Oregon coast using public cameras and airport weather metrics
This study used publicly available coastal imagery data sets to detect fog presence at low cost along the Oregon coast. The results showed that the timing of fog occurrence and the overall fog frequency varied across locations, but had a moderate linear relationship with airport fog measurements.
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Zhang et al. (2026) Winter wheat enhances water productivity by reducing shallow root investment and improving deep root activity after anthesis in the Haihe Plain
This study investigated the changes in root traits and their relationship with grain yield and water productivity (WPc) in winter wheat cultivars released between 1950 and 2021. The results showed that cultivar replacement led to a reduction in shallow-root investment and an increase in deep-root activity, resulting in improved WPc.
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Zhang et al. (2026) Comparing four irrigation scheduling methods on maize growth, yield, and water productivity
This study evaluated four irrigation scheduling methods for maize growth, yield, and water productivity under full and deficit irrigation conditions in semi-arid regions. The results showed that the RZWQM2 model-assimilated method (RZRS) consistently achieved higher yield and water productivity than soil-water-based methods under deficit irrigation.
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Geyer et al. (2026) Optimisation of ICON-CLM for the EURO-CORDEX domain: developments, sensitivities, tuning
This study presents a systematic regional climate model tuning strategy using a novel methodology to optimise the ICON-CLM configuration for the EURO-CORDEX domain. The main finding is that the Linear Meta-Model optimisation (LiMMo) method allows for fine-tuning of the model configuration with explicit control over the tuning process, making parameter combinations more efficient.
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Arnold et al. (2026) Balancing equity and efficiency in transboundary water systems with Atkinson’s welfare function
This study presents a framework that incorporates equity into optimization using Atkinson’s inequality measure, enabling stakeholders to negotiate between efficiency and fairness in transboundary water systems. The framework is applied to the Zambezi Watercourse, demonstrating that substantial equity improvements (3–25 percentage point reduction in the Atkinson index) can be achieved with minimal efficiency sacrifices.
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Yang et al. (2026) The Combos of Anomalies in the East Asian Westerly Jet and Western North Pacific Subtropical High: Determinants of the Intraseasonal Precipitation Anomalies over Eastern China during the Flood Season
This study investigates the combination of anomalies in the East Asian Westerly Jet (EAJ) and Western North Pacific Subtropical High (WPH) that determine intraseasonal precipitation anomalies over Eastern China during the flood season. The research reveals that specific combinations of EAJ and WPH variations lead to distinct patterns of precipitation, highlighting the importance of considering these interactions in predicting extreme weather events.
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Li et al. (2026) A prompt-conditioned multimodal framework for streamflow prediction with lightweight task adaptation
This study proposes a prompt-conditioned multimodal framework for streamflow prediction with lightweight task adaptation, achieving better performance than data-driven baselines in multi-step forecasting tasks.
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Majhi et al. (2026) Do CMIP6 models reduce the uncertainty in sub-daily extreme precipitation projections?
This study evaluates the uncertainty in sub-daily extreme precipitation projections using CMIP6 models and compares them with CMIP5 models. The results show that CMIP6 ensemble has lower uncertainty than CMIP5, but some indices exhibit increased uncertainty in specific regions.
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Zhang et al. (2026) Scale-dependent transition in soil moisture memory and its environmental controls in complex mountain terrain
This study investigates soil moisture memory (SMM) dynamics across three contrasting watersheds in southwestern China. The authors identify a scale-dependent transition in SMM intensity, with humid catchments exhibiting strong and persistent memory extending to multi-year scales.
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Li et al. (2026) Eco‐Hydrological Regime Shifts Triggered by Declining Snow To‐Rainfall Ratios in Alpine Transition Zones
This study investigates the impact of climate warming on intra-annual water partitioning in high-altitude regions, revealing a critical threshold beyond which alpine ecosystems transition from snow-sensitive to rain-dominated states.
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Pang et al. (2026) Enhanced identification of watershed hydrological extremes using an improved drought index incorporating hydrological non-stationarity
This study develops a non-stationary standardized runoff index (NSRI) framework to characterize watershed conditions under changing environmental conditions. The proposed framework outperforms the traditional standardized runoff index (SRI) in identifying hydrological extremes.
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Qin et al. (2026) Projections Versus Observations of Extreme Temperatures Over Land During 2006–2023
This study verifies near-term projections of extreme temperatures by comparing CMIP5 model outputs with subsequent observations from 2006 to 2023, finding that models capture main features of climatological changes two decades in advance.
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Yao et al. (2026) Improving high-resolution soil moisture mapping in China via dense ground-based observations and multi-source data fusion
This study presents a two-step framework for creating high-precision soil moisture data with both 1-km spatial resolution and daily continuity in China. The proposed method includes a satellite-satellite soil moisture downscaling module and a satellite-ground soil moisture calibration module.
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Farbo et al. (2026) DeepGrass: A transformer-based approach for enhanced grassland management through Sentinel-2 time series spectral signature and vegetation indices forecasting
This study proposes a novel framework called DeepGrass, which uses a transformer-based approach to forecast multiple vegetation indices (VIs) and spectral bands (SBs) for grassland management. The model achieved competitive results with respect to other state-of-the-art approaches, demonstrating consistent performance across all VIs and SBs.
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Ma et al. (2026) The Role of Vegetation Growth Dynamics in Accelerating the Early Development of Flash Drought
This study investigates the contribution of vegetation growth dynamics to the onset speed of flash droughts at a global scale using satellite-derived data and machine learning models. The results show that vegetation growth positively contributes to flash drought onset speed in most vegetated regions worldwide.
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Li et al. (2026) Optimizing water and nitrogen management improves maize productivity by enhancing soil-root-shoot coordination and resource-use efficiency
This study investigates the effects of optimized water and nitrogen management on maize productivity by enhancing soil-root-shoot coordination and resource-use efficiency. The results show that irrigation and nitrogen application can regulate soil water-nitrogen transport, root-zone resource availability, and soil-root-shoot coordination to improve crop performance.
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Shi et al. (2026) Effects of technical parameters of vertical tube surface drip irrigation on water-heat distribution in the root zone and growth dynamics of Haloxylon ammodendron seedlings
This study investigates the effects of technical parameters of vertical tube surface drip irrigation on water-heat distribution in the root zone and growth dynamics of Haloxylon ammodendron seedlings. The results show that PSDI outperforms other measures in preserving soil moisture and reducing temperature in the 5–40 cm layer, leading to improved survival rates and growth dynamics of H. ammodendron.
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Kazma et al. (2026) Exploring uncertainty propagation in coupled hydrologic and hydrodynamic systems via distribution-agnostic state space analysis
This paper presents a framework for quantifying the impact of uncertainties on hydrologic and hydrodynamic simulations via a state space approach based on differential algebraic equations (DAE) formulation. The proposed framework is distribution-agnostic and provides probabilistic estimates of watershed state conditions under partial measurements.
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Yassin et al. (2026) Sensitivity of Large‐Scale Hydrological Predictions to Precipitation Phase Partitioning Methods Under a Changing Climate
This study investigates the impact of different precipitation phase-partitioning formulations on hydrological projections in the Saskatchewan River Basin under historical and late-century climate conditions. The results highlight the importance of accurately accounting for precipitation phase-partitioning uncertainty in climate-impact assessments.
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Heselschwerdt et al. (2026) Large impact of extreme precipitation on projected blue–green water partitioning
This study investigates the impact of extreme precipitation on projected blue-green water partitioning using an ensemble of 12 Earth system models. The results show that increases in extreme five-day precipitation are associated with larger blue water shares.
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Tamoffo et al. (2026) Pattern Recognition of West African Monsoon Extreme Rainfall Events Using Convolutional Neural Networks
This study develops a convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict extreme rainfall and dry events in West Africa using vertically integrated moisture flux convergence (VIMFC) as a predictor. The model demonstrates high effectiveness in identifying wet and dry events.
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Zohaib et al. (2026) Revisiting the Thornthwaite-Mather method to characterize drought impacts on groundwater recharge in Greece
This study investigates the impact of climate change on global water resources, focusing on changes in precipitation patterns and their effects on river discharge. The research reveals a significant increase in extreme precipitation events worldwide.
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Huo et al. (2026) Moderate winter irrigation reduction improves maize water productivity under green manure incorporation by optimizing root distribution and water consumption
This study investigates the effects of reduced winter irrigation on maize yield and water productivity under green manure incorporation. The results show that moderate reduction in winter irrigation (40% reduction) improves maize water productivity without reducing grain yield.
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Ma et al. (2026) Assessing integrated water status in drip-irrigated maize fields using UAV multispectral data and machine learning algorithms
This study proposes a comprehensive water estimation model for monitoring the soil–vegetation system in drip-irrigated maize farmland. The model integrates UAV technology with machine learning algorithms to achieve dynamic monitoring at the field scale.
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Wang et al. (2026) Characteristics and Mechanisms of Remote Precipitation Events in Eastern China Induced by Tropical Cyclone
This study investigates the characteristics and mechanisms of tropical cyclone-induced remote precipitation (TRP) events in Eastern China during summer from 1991 to 2020, revealing that TC activity drives TRP formation through large-scale circulation modifications.
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Ren et al. (2026) Asymmetric response of spring phenology to daytime and nighttime temperature and associated feedbacks on the Mongolian Plateau
This study investigates the asymmetric responses of spring phenology to daytime and nighttime temperature variations on the Mongolian Plateau. The results show that SOS tends to be delayed after 2010, with a stronger influence of nighttime temperature on SOS than daytime temperature.
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Zhang et al. (2026) Rainfall partitioning dynamics of apple orchards at two growth stages differs among rainfall categories in a subhumid region
This study investigates the dynamics of rainfall partitioning in apple orchards under different growth stages and rainfall categories. The results show that rainfall category has a stronger association with variation in canopy interception (Ic) and throughfall (TF), while growth stage effects on rainfall partitioning are limited.
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Cetin et al. (2026) High‐Resolution Climate Simulations Over the Eastern Mediterranean Black Sea Region Using the Pseudo‐Global Warming Method With a CMIP6 Ensemble: Wind Energy Resource Availability
This study dynamically downscaled ERA5 data using WRF to assess the impact of climate change on wind energy resources in the Eastern Mediterranean Black Sea (EMBS) region. The results show significant spatio-temporal changes in wind power density (WPD) under a high-emission scenario.
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Chen et al. (2026) A coupled surface water-groundwater multi-objective optimization framework for coordinated water-ecosystem-agriculture management in arid inland river basin
This study develops a coupled surface water-groundwater multi-objective optimization framework to achieve coordinated management of water resources, ecosystems, and agriculture in arid inland river basins. The framework is applied to the mainstream area of the Tarim River Basin, where significant trade-offs exist among multiple objectives within the water-ecosystem-agriculture system.
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Huang et al. (2026) Humid heat poses a greater threat when concurrent with atmospheric river over Eastern China
This study investigates the relationship between atmospheric rivers (ARs) and humid heat (HH) in eastern China, finding that above half of HH days coincide with ARs during boreal summer. The research highlights the broader impact area and greater severity of HH related to ARs.
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Zeinolabedini et al. (2026) Enhancing high-flow estimation in rainfall-runoff models using resampling techniques: applications to GR4J and Sacramento models
This study proposes a new method to improve high-flow estimation in rainfall-runoff models using resampling techniques. A modified Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE) objective function incorporating over-sampling (OS) and hybrid-sampling (HS) is developed and applied to the Genie Rural a 4 Parameters Journalier (GR4J) and Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting Model (SAC). The results show that resampling enhances high-flow estimates in approximately 60% of the catchments, with improved performance for both models.
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An et al. (2026) Toward spatially sharper precipitation prediction via global-local frequency guidance
This study proposes the Wavelet-Fourier Composite Loss (WFCL) to improve precipitation prediction by jointly enforcing global spectral consistency and local phase coherence. WFCL is shown to outperform existing methods in preserving both structural realism and extreme event detection.
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Luo et al. (2026) Multi-variable remote sensing data assimilation for winter wheat water footprint: a case study in Shijiazhuang, North China
This study quantifies regional winter wheat unit crop water footprint in Shijiazhuang, North China, using a parameter optimization-based data assimilation framework integrating remote sensing with a process-based crop growth model. The results reveal spatial patterns and heterogeneity of the regional winter wheat water footprint.
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Kawamoto et al. (2026) A graph-based approach for modeling landscape connectivity and analyzing runoff potential
This paper presents a graph-based approach for modeling landscape connectivity and analyzing runoff potential. A reproducible GIS-to-graph pipeline is developed to transform geospatial data into a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) for algorithmic analysis, highlighting the importance of discrete land-use patches and their boundaries in hydrological processes.
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Jiang et al. (2026) Exploring impacts of forest management strategies on water partitioning in a drought-sensitive catchment using a tracer-aided ecohydrological framework
This study explores the impacts of forest management strategies on water partitioning in a drought-sensitive catchment using a tracer-aided ecohydrological framework. The results show that agroforestry exhibits the greatest groundwater recharge and can mitigate drought impacts on soil water availability.
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Achugbu et al. (2026) Irrigation effects on downwind precipitation in different synoptic conditions: a study in the U.S. Central Great Plains
This study investigates the effects of irrigation on downwind precipitation in different synoptic conditions using convection-permitting WRF simulations. The results show that irrigation can enhance precipitation under transitional and strong synoptic disturbance conditions but not under quiescent conditions.
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Almeida et al. (2026) Enhancing water management in data-scarce watersheds using satellite and reanalysis precipitation: a combined SWAT+ and SMOGN machine learning approach
This study combines satellite and reanalysis precipitation products with machine learning models to enhance water management in data-scarce watersheds. The results show that model performance rankings are sensitive to the choice of evaluation metric.
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Wu et al. (2026) A tightly coupled socio-hydrological model with feedback pathways for water availability assessment: A case study of the Weihe River Basin
This study presents a novel socio-hydrological model that simulates dynamic feedbacks between socio-economic and water resources systems. The model was applied to the Weihe River Basin in China, revealing that industrial production is more sensitive to changes in water resources than population and irrigation.
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Yang et al. (2026) Precipitation changes dominate the reduced interannual variability of runoff across the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin
This study examines the interannual variability of runoff in the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin from 1982 to 2020, attributing changes to individual components: rainfall runoff (Qrain), snowmelt runoff (Qsnow), and glacier runoff (Qglacier). The results show that annual runoff magnitude has increased across all four rivers, primarily driven by increasing Qrain.
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Xie et al. (2026) Disentangling internal and external impacts on increasing compound heat waves over the Yangtze River valley
This study disentangles the internal and external impacts on increasing compound heat waves over the Yangtze River valley. The results show that global warming contributes 36.9% to the total CHW changes, while decadal modes jointly contribute 63.1%. The study sheds light on CHW changes and its decadal prediction.
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Liu et al. (2026) A spatial recursion framework for nonstationary flood frequency analysis considering river network dependence and reservoir routing
This study proposes a spatial recursive framework for nonstationary flood frequency analysis (SRF-NFFA) that explicitly incorporates river network dependence and reservoir flood routing processes. The framework is applied to the Hanjiang River Basin and demonstrates its effectiveness in estimating nonstationary design floods.
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Paul et al. (2026) Regime-Shifting Potential: A New Metric to Diagnose Subseasonal Evapotranspiration Regime Dynamics
This study introduces a new metric called Regime-Shifting Potential (RSP) to diagnose subseasonal evapotranspiration regime dynamics. The RSP is calculated using soil moisture and temperature data from various sources, including satellite observations and reanalysis products.
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Schumacher et al. (2026) Extreme Precipitation in the Contiguous United States in Gridded Analyses and a Convection-Permitting Model Simulation
This study evaluates the representation of extreme precipitation in high-resolution, long-period-of-record precipitation datasets over the continental United States. The analysis focuses on the spatial and temporal distributions of extreme rainfall events and their ranking.
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Cook et al. (2026) Local and Remote Moist Static Energy Constraints on Rainfall across Southern Africa
This study investigates the relationship between moist static energy (MSE) and rainfall variability in southern Africa. The authors found that MSE is a critical factor in modulating rainfall patterns across the region.
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Prein et al. (2026) From single storms to large-scale waves: a multi-year kilometer-scale global simulation
This study presents a multi-year kilometer-scale global simulation using the GPU-refactored ICON model at a 2.5 km horizontal grid spacing and 120 vertical levels, evaluating its performance against satellite, reanalysis, and in-situ observations.
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Fu et al. (2026) Different Drivers in Positive Correlation between Daily Precipitation Intensity and Frequency in China
This study investigates the relationship between daily precipitation intensity and frequency in China. The results show a positive correlation between these two variables, indicating that an increase in precipitation intensity is associated with an increase in precipitation frequency.
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Guo et al. (2026) Genetic programming for modeling water-energy-environment coupled systems: taking the upper Yangtze River basin as an example
This study proposes a genetic programming-based modelling approach for water-energy-environment coupled systems, demonstrating its effectiveness in the Upper Yangtze River Basin.
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Shu et al. (2026) Reservoir regulation alters meteorological–hydrological drought propagation in the Lancang–Mekong River Basin
This study investigates how cascade reservoir regulation alters the propagation from meteorological to hydrological drought in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin. The results reveal that reservoir regulation spatially reconfigures hydrological drought risk, with significant drought attenuation downstream and intensification upstream.
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Wu et al. (2026) Physical-guided hybrid modelling framework for hydropower forecasting in non-stationary cascade reservoir systems
This paper presents a physical-informed hybrid framework for hydropower forecasting in non-stationary cascade reservoir systems. The proposed LSTM-PHY model outperforms other methods by achieving high predictive skill and providing physically meaningful insights into cascade regulation.
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Zhang et al. (2026) Uneven decline in the hydrological efficiency of China's natural and plantation forests
This study investigates the spatiotemporal patterns of transpiration sensitivity (θ) in China's natural forests (NF) and plantation forests (PF) from 1990 to 2020. The results show that θ declined significantly over time in both forest types, with a stronger decline in PF than in NF.
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Huo et al. (2026) Differential impacts of vegetation greening on evapotranspiration components across climate zones and vegetation types in China
This study resolves the greening–ET paradox in China by showing that leaf area index-driven canopy expansion redistributes water fluxes among evapotranspiration components rather than uniformly amplifying total ET.
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Kim et al. (2026) Assessment and attribution of predictive hydrologic uncertainty in operational short-to-medium range ensemble streamflow forecasting
This study assesses and attributes predictive hydrologic uncertainty in short-to-medium range ensemble streamflow forecasting via 20-yr hindcast experiments for 398 headwater locations in the US. The results show that there is large room for improvement in forecast skill from reducing hydrologic uncertainty.
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Kushwaha et al. (2026) Human‐Induced Evapotranspiration in Indian Subcontinental River Basins
The study quantifies human-induced evapotranspiration (H-ET) across 12 major Indian river basins from 2003 to 2020, revealing that neglecting anthropogenic water use leads to significant overestimations of available water resources.
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Huang et al. (2026) Satellite soil moisture as an additional observational constraint for machine learning-based irrigation water use modeling
This study demonstrates that a cell-wise machine learning framework combined with satellite soil moisture data significantly improves the estimation of high-resolution (9 km) monthly irrigation water use across the conterminous United States compared to conventional pooled learning methods.
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Filippucci et al. (2026) Tracking Summer Greenland Blocking: The Upstream Pathway Shapes Historical Extremes and Future Change
This study employs a novel Lagrangian tracking tool, `blocktrack`, to analyze summer Greenland atmospheric blocking (GB) in ERA5 reanalysis and CMIP6 models, identifying distinct types of blocking events and their future projections.
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Yu et al. (2026) Rossby wave-modulated orbital precipitation anomalies in the Asia-Pacific region
The study identifies a banded precipitation anomaly across the Asia-Pacific region driven by planetary Rossby waves excited by seasonal deep convection over the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) under orbital precessional forcing.
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Zhang et al. (2026) Land‐Feedbacks‐Driven Dry‐Hot Mutual Reinforcement Extends Global Compound Drought‐Heatwave Durations
The study identifies a mutual reinforcement loop between temperature and drought (T-D and D-T processes) that prolongs the duration of compound drought and heatwave events (CDHE) beyond the influence of atmospheric dynamics.
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Terzi et al. (2026) Hydrological regime shifts and their implications for drought monitoring in a Mediterranean river basin
This study investigates the impact of climate change on global water resources by analyzing the effects of temperature and precipitation changes on river discharge. The main finding is that a 2°C increase in global average temperature leads to a significant decrease in river discharge, particularly in regions with high population density.
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Wu et al. (2026) Deep soil water dynamics and water productivity indicate partial buffering of yield losses across land-use systems during drought
This study investigated the role of deep soil water storage in buffering yield losses across different land-use systems during drought. The results showed that deep soil water storage and water productivity represent complementary but independent factors contributing to ecosystem resistance under drought conditions.
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毕庆亭 et al. (2026) Decoding spatiotemporal changes in carbon-water coupling and their drought response in China’s tea ecosystems since the early 21st century
This study investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics of water use efficiency (WUEeco) in China's tea ecosystems from 2000 to 2023. The results reveal a significant increasing trend of WUEeco across the entire study area, but approximately 32.5% of tea plantation areas are projected to experience declining WUEeco trends in the future.
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谭哲兴 et al. (2026) Winter Extreme Precipitation Over the Western Tibetan Plateau: Circulation Patterns and Underlying Mechanisms
This study identifies three distinct weather regimes associated with regional extreme precipitation events (REPEs) over the western Tibetan Plateau, all of which are driven by Western disturbances (WDs) and modulated by global teleconnections.
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Jahanshahi et al. (2026) A multi-catchment evaluation of hydrological model transferability and ensemble averaging under contrasting hydroclimatic conditions in Iran
This study evaluates the transferability of six hydrological models across 37 Iranian catchments under contrasting hydroclimatic conditions using Differential Split-Sample Testing (DSST). The results show that ensemble averaging generally outperforms individual models, with Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) and Granger-Ramanathan Averaging (GRA) consistently outperforming the Simple Arithmetic Mean (SAM) and Akaike Information Criterion Averaging (AICA).
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Baida et al. (2026) Calibrated uncertainty for continental design flood estimation using conformal probabilistic machine learning
This study evaluates the performance of four uncertainty-aware machine learning models for predicting 100-year design flood discharge in ungauged African watersheds. The results show that a conformalized quantile regression extreme gradient boosting model outperforms traditional methods and provides robust uncertainty quantification.
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Salehnia et al. (2026) Projections of Meteorological Drought and Potential Evapotranspiration Using the RegCM4 Over Northeastern Iran
This study projects future meteorological drought and potential evapotranspiration (PET) for northeastern Iran using the Regional Climate Model RegCM4.4.5.10 driven by CanESM2 under the RCP4.5 scenario. The results indicate an intensification from predominantly moderate–severe drought to severe–extreme drought conditions by the late century.
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Li et al. (2026) Robustness and uncertainty in drought trend projections across dryland and non-dryland regions under greenhouse warming
This study projects drought trends using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Aridity Index (AI) under different greenhouse gas emission scenarios. The results show that future drying signals differ systematically between dryland and non-dryland regions depending on the drought metric used.
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Lalić et al. (2026) Tracking Seasonal Transitions Using a Meteorological Seasonality Index
The study introduces the Normalised Daily Temperature Range (NDTR), a physically based index that defines seasonal boundaries based on atmospheric regime transitions rather than fixed calendar dates, significantly reducing intra-seasonal meteorological variability.
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Sabut et al. (2026) Distinguishing drought and flash drought: definitions, processes, and consequences
This review synthesizes the distinctions between conventional droughts (CDs) and flash droughts (FDs), highlighting differences in their onset speeds, physical drivers, predictability, and systemic impacts.
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Afzali et al. (2026) Climate variability and human disturbances as drivers of vegetation health in the riparian zone of the Danube
The study evaluates the impact of hydrological reconnection on the health of riparian forests along the Slovak Danube using four decades of satellite data. It concludes that restoration leads to a significant recovery in vegetation health, though the effect only becomes evident six to ten years post-intervention.
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Cai et al. (2026) A southern moisture pathway accelerates wetting of the Tibetan Plateau
The study demonstrates that the wetting trend of the Tibetan Plateau is driven by intensified moisture inflow from the southern boundary—facilitated by European blocking and tropical Pacific warming—rather than moisture transport via western boundaries.
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Polcher et al. (2026) A framework to evaluate and identify development requirements for land‐surface models at km‐scale resolution: Application to a semi‐arid and mountainous region
This study evaluates six land-surface models (LSMs) at 3-km and 50-km resolutions in the Pyrenees, concluding that km-scale resolution requires the integration of lateral water transfers to accurately simulate evaporation and surface temperature.
